Esensi Hukum

Pertanggungjawaban Dealer Kendaraan atas Keterlambatan Penyerahan STNK Kepada Pembeli: Studi Putusan Nomor 23/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN.Mnd

2026-04-28T10:51:01+07:00

This study examines the liability of a vehicle dealer that failed to deliver the Vehicle Registration Certificate (STNK) in a timely manner, as reflected in Decision No. 23/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN.Mnd. The delivery of the STNK forms an essential part of the seller’s performance in a vehicle sales contract, and any delay affects the buyer’s rights and legal certainty. The purpose of this research is to explain the structure of obligations between the parties and to analyze how the court assessed the elements of tort in adjudicating the dispute. This research adopts a normative juridical method using a conceptual approach to the law of obligations and tort, combined with a case approach through the examination of evidence and judicial reasoning within the decision. The findings indicate that the dealer’s delay constitutes negligence that breaches its legal duties, infringes the buyer’s rights, and disregards the principle of due care. The court confirmed a causal connection between the delay and the buyer’s material and immaterial losses, leading to an order requiring the dealer to deliver the STNK, compensate damages, and bear certain financial obligations. These findings highlight the necessity for dealers to comply with administrative responsibilities and reinforce consumer protection in motor vehicle transactions.

Problematika Penerbitan SKCK bagi Mantan Narapidana dalam Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia

2026-05-09T18:09:27+07:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika penerbitan Surat Keterangan Catatan Kepolisian (SKCK) bagi mantan narapidana dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia. Fokus kajian meliputi kesesuaian pengaturan SKCK dengan prinsip non-diskriminasi, hak atas pekerjaan, serta dampaknya terhadap proses rehabilitasi dan reintegrasi sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, melalui analisis terhadap regulasi, doktrin hukum, dan literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerbitan SKCK, khususnya pencantuman riwayat pidana, berpotensi menimbulkan diskriminasi tidak langsung dan menghambat akses mantan narapidana terhadap pekerjaan serta partisipasi sosial. Kondisi ini tidak sepenuhnya sejalan dengan tujuan sistem pemasyarakatan dan prinsip perlindungan hak asasi manusia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformulasi kebijakan yang lebih proporsional, antara lain melalui pembatasan penggunaan SKCK, pengaturan jangka waktu pencantuman catatan pidana, dan diferensiasi berdasarkan relevansi kebutuhan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperkuat kajian hukum mengenai hubungan antara kebijakan administratif dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia, serta memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi pembuat kebijakan dalam merumuskan regulasi yang lebih adil dan inklusif.

PERMASALAHAN ETIKA PROFESI HAKIM KONSTITUSI DALAM PUTUSAN NOMOR 90/PUU-XXI/2023: REFLEKSI ATAS PENGALAMAN YANG MERUNTUHKAN KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT

2026-05-30T22:01:47+07:00

The third amendment to the Indonesian Constitution established the Constitutional Court (MK) to refine democratic and modern governance through a system of checks and balances. Pursuant to Article 24C Paragraph (1), MK's primary authority is to conduct judicial review of laws against the constitution. In 2023, MK faced a severe crisis following Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023, which enabled the son of Indonesia’s seventh president to contest the 2024 General Election. This decision severely eroded public trust and led to the reporting of nine constitutional judges to the Constitutional Court’s Honorary Council (MKMK). Consequently, this article examines how Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 undermined public confidence and analyzes the ethical violations committed by the justices. This normative legal study employs case, statutory, and conceptual approaches. It utilizes secondary data from primary and secondary legal sources, analyzed through descriptive qualitative techniques. The findings indicate that Decision No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023, concerning the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates, was riddled with irregularities and a disregard for independence and impartiality. Furthermore, the MKMK ruling confirmed that the panel violated the code of ethics; the most severe violation was committed by the Chief Justice, while the other eight justices committed minor infractions. As a preventive measure, it is imperative to reformulate the requirements for constitutional judge candidates alongside the procedures for their selection, election, and nomination

Analisis Yuridis Praktik Mafia Minyak dan Dampaknya terhadap Perekonomian Negara

2026-05-21T16:43:58+07:00

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara yuridis praktik mafia minyak di Indonesia serta dampaknya terhadap perekonomian negara. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaturan hukum terkait distribusi dan tata niaga minyak, konstruksi yuridis praktik mafia minyak sebagai kejahatan ekonomi, bentuk-bentuk praktik yang merugikan negara, pertanggungjawaban hukum pelaku, serta efektivitas penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual untuk memahami norma hukum dan penerapannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki kerangka hukum yang cukup memadai, praktik mafia minyak masih marak terjadi akibat lemahnya pengawasan, disharmoni regulasi, serta rendahnya efektivitas penegakan hukum. Praktik tersebut meliputi penyalahgunaan distribusi BBM bersubsidi, pengoplosan ilegal, penyelundupan, dan manipulasi dalam tata niaga minyak yang berdampak pada kerugian negara dan distorsi ekonomi. Pertanggungjawaban hukum terhadap pelaku, baik individu maupun korporasi, telah diatur, namun implementasinya belum optimal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan penguatan sistem hukum, peningkatan integritas aparat, serta reformasi tata kelola energi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penegakan hukum dan menjaga stabilitas perekonomian negara.

Etika Profesi Hakim Konstitusi dalam Menjaga Independensi Kekuasaan Kehakiman

2026-05-26T20:30:44+07:00

This study examines the role of professional ethics of constitutional judges in maintaining judicial independence within Indonesia’s constitutional system. Judicial independence constitutes a fundamental principle in a constitutional state as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, ethical violations involving constitutional judges, particularly following Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023, have raised public concerns regarding the integrity and legitimacy of the Constitutional Court. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches through the analysis of constitutional provisions, statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant court decisions. The findings indicate that professional ethics function not only as moral guidelines, but also as constitutional instruments for safeguarding judicial independence, impartiality, integrity, and public accountability. Weak ethical supervision mechanisms, political influence, and conflicts of interest may undermine the legitimacy of judicial institutions. Therefore, strengthening ethical oversight systems, transparent judicial recruitment, institutional accountability, and integrity-based legal culture are necessary to reinforce the credibility and independence of judicial power in Indonesia’s democratic rule of law system.

Penerapan Doktrin Kerugian (Schadevergoeding) Perjanjian Kerja Sama Pembangunan dan Pengelolaan Lahan Perumahan (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 3179 K/Pdt/2021)

2026-06-11T16:14:54+07:00

Abstract

Default of performance in property development partnership agreements frequently results in substantial material losses and prolonged legal disputes, as evidenced in Supreme Court Decision Number 3179 K/Pdt/2021, which ruled on breach of contract arising from the failure to issue land certificates. This study aims to analyze the application of the doctrine of damages (schadevergoeding) in cases of default concerning partnership agreements for residential land development and management, as well as to examine the legal considerations of judges in assessing losses suffered by capital investors. This research adopts a normative juridical approach employing three methods: case study approach, conceptual approach, and statutory approach. Data is analyzed qualitatively using descriptive-analytical techniques to elaborate and examine findings in accordance with the theoretical framework and applicable legal provisions. The research findings demonstrate that the doctrine of damages constitutes a fundamental legal instrument obligating debtors to compensate for both material and immaterial losses based on the principles of restitutio in integrum and pacta sunt servanda. The Supreme Court corrected the decision of the judex facti, which overly emphasized formal aspects, by prioritizing substantive justice in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code. The application of this doctrine provides legal protection for aggrieved parties and maintains trust in property business relationships in Indonesia.

Keywords: Schadevergoeding, Breach of Contract, Cooperation Agreement, Compensation

Menolak Buah dari Pohon Beracun: Pengaturan Exclusionary Rule dalam Hukum Acara Pidana Indonesia Berdasarkan Perspektif Fair Trial

2026-06-22T00:25:55+07:00

The enactment of Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code introduces an improvement to Indonesian criminal evidence law by explicitly recognizing the exclusionary rule in Article 235. Unlike the 1981 Criminal Procedure Code, which merely enumerated categories of evidence without questioning the legality of their acquisition, the new provision establishes procedural legality as a precondition for the admissibility of evidence. This study aims to analyze the regulation of the exclusionary rule under Article 235 and to examine its opportunities and challenges from the perspectives of human rights and the right to a fair trial. The issues discussed include the concepts of illegally obtained evidence and the exclusionary rule, a comparison between the 1981 Code and the new Code, and a review against international human rights instruments. This research employs a normative legal method, using statutory and comparative approaches and drawing on the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) dan Convention Against Torture (CAT). The findings show that Article 235 strengthens human rights and fair trial guarantees, affirms the absolute exclusion of evidence obtained through torture, and restores equality of arms. Nevertheless, the provision has shortcomings, namely the absence of explicit regulation of the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine, the good-faith exception, standing, and the burden of proof. The study recommends reinforcement through supreme court jurisprudence, implementing regulations, and the transformation of law enforcement working culture.

Kedudukan Keuntungan Usaha Pra-Perkawinan sebagai Harta Bersama dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Indonesia

2026-06-22T00:23:37+07:00

This study examines the legal issue concerning the status of profits generated from a business owned prior to marriage, specifically whether they constitute separate property or joint marital property. Although the business itself is classified as separate property, the profits generated during the marriage are frequently tied to the spouse's contributions, leading to differing interpretations in both Islamic law and Indonesian positive law. This research aims to analyze the regulations governing joint property in relation to pre-marital businesses and assess the relevance of the North Jakarta Religious Court Decision Number 2596/Pdt.G/2025/PA.JU to the development of law in Indonesia. Utilizing a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the primary legal materials examined include Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage (as amended by Law No. 16 of 2019), the Compilation of Islamic Law, and relevant court decisions, supported by secondary legal materials from academic literature. The findings conclude that, in principle, a pre-marital business retains its status as separate property. However, the profits acquired during the marriage can be categorized as joint marital property if there is proven, tangible contribution from the spouse in supporting the sustainability and development of the business. Decision Number 2596/Pdt.G/2025/PA.JU reflects a progressive development in legal interpretation, wherein judicial considerations are no longer strictly confined to the time of asset acquisition but also accommodate economic value growth and the contributions of both parties. Therefore, this decision holds significant relevance in filling regulatory vacuums and encouraging the reform of joint marital property law in Indonesia to be more oriented towards substantive justice.

Keywords: Marital Property, Separate Property, Profits From Pre-Marital Business, Islamic Law, Indonesian Positive Law