Etika Profesi Hakim Konstitusi dalam Menjaga Independensi Kekuasaan Kehakiman
Abstract
This study examines the role of professional ethics of constitutional judges in maintaining judicial independence within Indonesia’s constitutional system. Judicial independence constitutes a fundamental principle in a constitutional state as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, ethical violations involving constitutional judges, particularly following Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023, have raised public concerns regarding the integrity and legitimacy of the Constitutional Court. This study employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches through the analysis of constitutional provisions, statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and relevant court decisions. The findings indicate that professional ethics function not only as moral guidelines, but also as constitutional instruments for safeguarding judicial independence, impartiality, integrity, and public accountability. Weak ethical supervision mechanisms, political influence, and conflicts of interest may undermine the legitimacy of judicial institutions. Therefore, strengthening ethical oversight systems, transparent judicial recruitment, institutional accountability, and integrity-based legal culture are necessary to reinforce the credibility and independence of judicial power in Indonesia’s democratic rule of law system.
Downloads
References
Buku
Dicey, A.V. (1959). Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution (10th ed., Introduction by E.C.S. Wade). London: Macmillan & Co Ltd.
Montesquieu. (1899). The Spirit of Laws (Translated by Thomas Nugent, Introduction by Frederic R. Coudert, Revised ed., Vol. I). New York: The Colonial Press.
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram: Mataram University Press.
Sitabuana, T.H. (2020). Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia. Jakarta: Konstitusi Press.
Suyanto. (2022). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Pengantar Penelitian Normatif, Empiris dan Gabungan. Gresik: UNIGRES PRESS.
Jurnal
Adhita, M.M. (2024). Independensi hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam perkara pengujian UU yang memuat conflict of interest pada Putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, Sains dan Sosial Humaniora, 1(2), 1–25.
Amanda, N.D., Azzahra, F.N., Nurdin, M.K., Dharmawan, C.R., Rahmadani, N., Rachman, R.R., & Ardyanti, W. (2025). Analisis etika profesi hakim mahkamah konstitusi terhadap dampak pelanggaran kode etik dalam putusan MK Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023. Media Hukum Indonesia (MHI), 3(3), 404–411.
Anwar, A.S., & Saputro, L.A. (2022). Kemandirian kekuasaan kehakiman dalam mekanisme pengangkatan dan pemberhentian hakim konstitusi. Staatsrecht: Jurnal Hukum Kenegaraan dan Politik Islam, 2(2), 263–282. 10.14421/staatsrecht.v2i2.2877
Arifa, S. A. (2024). Pendekatan Prof. Jimly Asshiddiqie terhadap kode etik profesi hakim: Studi kasus pemberhentian Anwar Usman dari Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi.
Damayanti, S., Miftahurrohmah, I., Awaludin, R., Firmansyah, D., & Fartini, A. (2025). Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menjaga Supremasi Hukum: Studi Komparatif antara Indonesia dan Jerman. Jurnal Hukum, Administrasi Publik dan Negara, 2(6), 135–148. 10.62383/hukum.v2i6.717.
Fadli, D. (2026). Kedudukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam mewujudkan negara hukum yang demokratis. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 7(8), 1–10.
Farhan, F. (2023). Polemik legalitas pemecatan hakim konstitusi oleh lembaga pengusul: Tinjauan kasus pemecatan Hakim Aswanto dan implikasinya terhadap kemandirian kekuasaan kehakiman. Jurnal Hukum dan HAM Wara Sains, 2(4), 294–303. 10.58812/jhhws.v2i04.291
Kamaludin, R., & Wardana, D.J. (2025). Peran etika hakim konstitusi dalam menjaga independen dan integritas putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Jurnal Tana Mana, 6(2), 385–391. 10.33648/jtm.v6i2.1364
Setiawan, D., & Susilo, E. (2025). Independensi kekuasaan kehakiman dalam menjatuhkan putusan ditinjau dari perspektif undang-undang sebagai perjanjian. Jurnal Mimbar Hukum, 37(1), 83–106.
Sugianto, B., Arista, W., & Amin, M.N. (2026). Kedudukan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menjaga hak konstitusional warga negara. Lex Stricta: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 4(3), 467–475. 10.46839/lexstricta.v4i3.1699
Tambunan, E.M., Sembiring, R.E.B., Gozali, F., & Sianturi, D.M.R. (2024). Analisis eksistensi etika hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam mewujudkan peradilan berintegritas dan akuntabel (Putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023). Iblam Law Review, 4(2), 50–61. 10.52249/ilr.v4i2.406
Tobu, E., Mabilani, G.M.G., & Rabawati, D.W. (2024). Penegakan kode etika profesi hakim konstitusi. Humanitis: Jurnal Humaniora, Sosial dan Bisnis, 2(1), 78–85.
Peraturan Perundang-Undangan
Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945.
Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 Tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2003 Nomor 98, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4316).
Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2020 Tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2003 Tentang Mahkamah Konstitusi (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2020 Nomor 216, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesai Nomor 6554).
Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 09/PMK/2006 Tentang Pemberlakukan Deklarasi Kode Etik dan Perilaku Hakim Konstitusi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Esensi Hukum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the following terms:
1. Author retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a creative commons attribution license that allow others to share the work within an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal).
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.
4. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
2.png)
