Model Rehabilitasi Anak Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Pasca Undang-undang No. 12 Tahun 2022 Berdasarkan Prinsip Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak
Abstract
This study aims to examine the extent to which the implementation of rehabilitation for Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) in cases of sexual violence aligns with the principle of the best interests of the child following the enactment of Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes, as well as to identify an appropriate implementation model to ensure alignment with the best interests of the child in the future.This research is a normative legal study with a descriptive approach. The data used in this research are secondary data obtained from literature studies. The secondary data consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The data analysis in this study employs a qualitative analysis method.The study finds that the rehabilitation of Children in Conflict with the Law in cases of sexual violence has not fully met the principle of the best interests of the child due to the absence of regulations that accommodate specific rehabilitation measures for children involved in such cases. The failure to fulfill this principle is not the fault of the implementing institutions but rather the result of a lack of regulatory frameworks that provide for specialized rehabilitation for children in cases of sexual violence.To ensure that rehabilitation for Children in Conflict with the Law in cases of sexual violence aligns with the principle of the best interests of the child in the future and to minimize the risk of recidivism, assessments must be conducted by professional teams who consider the child’s specific circumstances. Rehabilitation should be tailored to the child's special needs, include rehabilitation programs for the family, be supported by clear regulations that guide the rehabilitation model, and be implemented by human resources who possess a strong understanding of children's rights and needs.
Keywords: Rehabilitation, Children in Conflict with the Law, Sexual Violence, Best Interests of the Child
Downloads
References
Amanda, P.K, Riski, P., Sahputra, F., & Habib, M.N., (2017). Mencegah dan Melindungi: Menangani Kekerasan Seksual terhadap Anak dengan Bukti, Jurnal Peradilan Indonesia, 4. hlm.60.
Bonnar-Kidd, K.K., (2010) Sexual Offender Laws and Prevention of Sexual Violence or Recidivism, American Journal of Public Health, 100 (3), hlm. 416
D’Urso, G., Petruccell, I., Costantino, V., Zappulla, C., & Pace, U., (2019). The role of moral disengagement and cognitive distortions toward children among sex offenders, Jurnal of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 26(3):414–422. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1506718 p. 406.
Dopp, A. R., Borduin, C. M., & Brown, C. E. (2015). Evidence-based treatments for juvenile sexual offenders: Review and recommendations. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 7(4), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-01-2015-0155, p. 223..
Draper, C.E., Errington, S., Omar, S., Makhita, S., (2013). The therapeutic benefits of sport in the rehabilitation of young sexual offenders: A qualitative evaluation of the Fight with Insight programme, Jurnal Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(4), 519-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.02.004, p. 525
Hanson, R.K., Gordon, A., Harris, A.J., Marques, J.K., Murphy, W.D., Quinsey, V.l., & Seto, M.C., (2002). First report of the Collaborative Outcome Project on the effectiveness of psychological treatment for sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14(2), DOI:10.1177/107906320201400207 p. 182.
Hanson, R.K., Harris, A., Helmus, L.M., & Thornton, D., (2014) et al., High-Risk Sex Offenders May Not Be High Risk Forever, Jurnal Of Interpersonal Violence, 29, (15) DOI:10.1177/0886260514526062 p. 2793.
Kaseweter, K., Woodworth, M., Logan, M., & Freimuth, T.,(2016). High-Risk Sexual Offenders: Towards a new typology, Journal of Criminal Justice, 47, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.08.002 p. 123.
Mccamey, J.D., (2010) Reducing Recidivism in Adolescent Sexual Offenders by Focusing on Community Reintegrationno, Jurnal Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 27 (1), https://doi.org/10.1080/08865710903536291 p.63.
Moster, A., Wnuk, D. W., & Jeglic, E. L. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy interventions with sex offenders. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 14(2), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078345807313874 p.112
Shenk, C., & Brown, A., (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of an Adolescent Sexual Offender With an Intellectual Disability: A Novel Application of Exposure and Response Prevention, Journal Clinical Case Studies, 6 (4), 307-324. 10.1177/1534650106288235 p. 308
Walker, D.F., McGovern, S., Poey E.L., & Otis, K.E., (2004). Treatment Effectiveness for Male Adolescent Sexual Offenders: A Meta-Analysis and Review, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 13 (3-4), https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v13n03_14. P. 289.
Ware, J. Andrew, F., & Hoy, A. (2010). A Review of the Use of Therapeutic Communities With Sexual Offenders, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 54 (5) DOI: 10.1177/0306624X09343169 p. 723.
Widayati, L.S., (2012) Rehabilitasi Narapidana Dalam Overcrowded Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (Rehabilitation Of Prisoners In Overcrowded Correctional Institution), Jurnal Negara Hukum, 3(2): 201-206, DOI:10.22212/jnh.v3i2.231, hlm. 205
Wong, S.C.P., (2013). Assessing risk change in sexual offender treatment using the Violence Risk Scale - sexual offender version: a brief overview, Jurnal Online Sexual Offender Treatment, 8 (1), 2013, p. 1.
Buku
Mardiati, A., Hermawati, I., Winaryo, E., Murdiyanto, Ramadani, D., Farida, U. (2018). Jejak Kekerasan Seksual Anak: Evaluasi Layanan Rehabilitasi Bagi Kekerasan Seksual Anak Terhadap Anak, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesejahteraan Sosial Kementerian Sosial RI dan EPPAT Indonesia, Yogyakarta, hlm. 155.
Prakoso, A., (2013). Pembaharuan Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, Yogyakarta: Laksbang Grafika, p.18
Rich, P., (2011). Understanding, Assessing, and Rehabilitating Juvenile Sexual Offenders, Second Edition, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., p.9.
Peraturan Perundang-undangan
Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 yang telah dilakukan perubahan dengan Undang-undang Nomor 35 tahun 2014 Jo. Undang-undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan Anak (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2002 Nomor 109, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4235).
Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2011 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2012 Nomor 153, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5332).
Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual(Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2022 Nomor 120, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 6792).
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). (1989)
Committee on the Rights of the Children, General comment No. 14 (2013) on the right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (art. 3, para. 1), 2013 paragraf 4.
Online/World Wide Web:
Billiocta, Y., Perjalanan Kasus Pembunuhan Yuyun Hingga Otak Pelaku Divonis Mati. Available from https://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/perjalanan-kasus-pembunuhan-yuyun-hingga-otak-pelaku-divonis-mati.html#:~:text=Merdeka.com%20%2D%20Lima%20terdakwa%20pembunuh,)%2C%20dijatuhi%2020%20tahun%20penjara. (Diakses 25 Januari 2025).
Hardjono, J., & Hanifiyani., M.N. Kasus Gagang Pacul, Usia Enno Farihah Ternyata 19 Tahun. Available from https://metro.tempo.co/read/771733/kasus-gagang-pacul-usiaenno-farihah-ternyata-19-tahun. (Diakses 25 Januari 2025).
Wismabrata., M.H. 5 Fakta Kasus Siswa SD dan SMP Perkosa Siswi SMA di Probolinggo, Masih Saudara Sepupu Hingga Kecanduan Video Porno. Available from https://bogor.kompas.com/read/2019/04/16/13300041/5-fakta-kasus-siswa-sd-dan-smp-perkosa-siswi-sma-di-probolinggo-masih?page=all, (Diakses 25 Januari 2025).
Syahriansyah, Anak Gadis Dicekoki Arak, Diperkosa, 4 Pelaku 2 di Antaranya Anak di Bawah Umur pun Ditangkap. Available from https://www.borneonews.co.id/berita/156921-anak-gadis-dicekoki-arak-diperkosa-4-pelaku-2-di-antaranya-anak-di-bawah-umur-pun-ditangkap, (Diakses 25 Januari 2025).
Herlina, Y., Therapeutic Community Sebagai Metode Komprehensif Dalam Rehabilitasi Penyalahgunaan Napza, Available from https://galihpakuan.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=106. (Diakses pada tanggal 19 Februari 2025)
Kurniawan, A.P. Intervensi untuk Laki-laki Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual. Available from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324829376_Intervensi_untuk_Laki-laki_Pelaku_Kekerasan_Seksual (Diakses 9 Februari 2025)
Wanwancara:
Wawancara dengan Ifa Aryani, Anggota Bidang Advokasi Komisi Perlindungan Anak Daerah Kota Yogyakarta, pada tanggal 27 Oktober 2021 pukul 09.00 WIB
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Esensi Hukum
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the following terms:
1. Author retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a creative commons attribution license that allow others to share the work within an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal).
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.
4. 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
2.png)
